Peb puas pom muaj qhov txwv ntawm Tib Neeg Txoj Kev Ua Si?
Peb puas pom muaj qhov txwv ntawm Tib Neeg Txoj Kev Ua Si?
Anonim

Txoj kev tshawb fawb tshiab ntawm cov neeg sib tw kis las kis las pegs lub plab zom mov raws li qhov txwv tsis pub muaj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua siab ntev.

Tsis pub dhau ib nrab teev ob peb hnub dhau los, kuv tau txais ib tsab ntawv los ntawm tus kws qhia SEAL yav dhau los, cov lus hauv Facebook los ntawm tus kws kho mob hlwb hauv Virginia, thiab email los ntawm kuv txiv yawg, txhua tus muab xov xwm zoo rau kuv.: "Qhov kawg txwv ntawm tib neeg kev ua siab ntev pom," raws li BBC xov xwm tau hais tseg. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov neeg khaws pinging kuv-xav txog, tej zaum, uas kuv xav sau ib tug zaum kawg Sweat Science ua ntej winding kab rau zoo tam sim no uas nws raison d'être tau ploj mus.

Cov xov xwm, tau kawg, tsis tas yuav ntes tag nrho zaj dab neeg. Thaum kuv khawb cov ntawv qub Science Advances los ntawm ib pab pawg coj los ntawm Herman Pontzer ntawm Duke University thiab John Speakman ntawm University of Aberdeen, kuv tsis xav tsis thoob thaum pom tias nws qhov kev tshawb pom tiag tiag yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntau dua li qhov hype qhia. Tab sis nws yog qhov nthuav txawm li cas los xij, yog li kuv xav tias nws tsim nyog qhia qee qhov kev xav ntawm qhov kev kawm tshiab ua (thiab tsis) qhia peb.

Cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv yog los ntawm Kev Sib Tw Hla Tebchaws Asmeskas, ib qho kev tshwm sim 140-hnub uas hla lub teb chaws los ntawm Huntington Beach, California, mus rau Washington, DC, xyoo 2015. Qee tus neeg tuaj koom tau tso cai rau lawv tus kheej los ntawm poked thiab prodded rau lub hom phiaj. ntawm science thoob plaws hauv kev khiav. Qhov kev pom zoo tshaj plaws hauv daim ntawv yog los ntawm kev npaj cov ntaub ntawv tshiab nrog rau cov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua siab ntev ntawm cov sijhawm sib txawv los nrhiav cov qauv.

Cov lus nug tseem ceeb nug los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb yog: dab tsi yog qhov siab tshaj plaws uas koj tuaj yeem hlawv calories nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev? Tsis yog kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha nrog calories, lawv qhia cov txiaj ntsig ntawm "kev ua haujlwm metabolic," hauv ntau qhov ntawm koj cov basal metabolic tus nqi, uas yog pes tsawg calories koj hlawv tsuas yog pw ntawm lub rooj zaum. Rau ib tug neeg uas hlawv 1,500 calories ib hnub xwb kom ciaj sia, yog hais tias lawv tawm mus rau ib tug grueling trek uas yuav tsum tau 4,500 calories ib hnub twg, lawv metabolic scope yuav yog 3.0 (4,500 muab faib los ntawm 1,500). Qhov ntawd tso cai rau koj los sib piv cov tib neeg ntawm qhov sib txawv thiab cov duab ntawm qhov sib xws.

Cov Kev Sib Tw Thoob Ntiaj Teb Tebchaws Asmeskas cov neeg khiav dej num tau pib hlawv txog 6, 200 calories ib hnub thaum thawj lub lim tiam ntawm kev khiav, raws li ntsuas los ntawm cov txheej txheem uas koom nrog kev pub dej rau cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb uas tsis tshua muaj cov isotopes uas tso cai rau nws cov kev nce qib tau taug qab los ntawm lub cev. Qhov ntawd sib haum mus rau qhov nruab nrab metabolic Scope ntawm 3.76, tab sis lawv cov calorie hlawv maj mam poob qis dua lub sijhawm ntawm kev sib tw, ua rau muaj qhov nruab nrab metabolic tshaj 140 hnub ntawm 3.11.

Qhov no tsis yog, txawm li cas los xij, "qhov kawg txwv ntawm kev ua siab ntev." Nws yog qhov tseeb tias koj tuaj yeem hlawv calories ntau dua li ntawd rau lub sijhawm luv. Ib qho kev tshawb fawb ua ntej siv cov txheej txheem tib yam, piv txwv li, pom tias Tour de France cov neeg caij tsheb kauj vab tau tswj hwm qhov metabolic ntawm 4.9 rau 22 hnub. Thiab ib txoj kev tshawb fawb nto moo ntawm Ranulph Fiennes thiab Mike Stroud thaum lawv thauj 500-phaus sleds hla Antarctic pom tias lawv tau txhawb nqa cov txheej txheem metabolic ntawm 6.6 rau kaum hnub, thiab 3.5 rau tag nrho 95 hnub.

Hloov chaw, Pontzer thiab Speakman xav nkag siab txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov kub ntawm calorie hlawv koj tuaj yeem txhawb nqa thiab ntev npaum li cas koj tuaj yeem txhawb nqa nws. Ua li ntawd, lawv comb los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rau cov piv txwv ntawm kev ua kom muaj zog hluav taws xob hlawv, xws li kev sib tw luv luv xws li 800 meters uas siv sijhawm tsawg dua ob feeb mus rau qhov kev nyuaj siab ntev ntev xws li cev xeeb tub. Thaum koj npaj tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm ib daim duab, lawv zoo li no:

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Duab
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Qhov no yog qhov headlines tham txog. Raws li koj txuas mus rau ntev ntev, qhov nkhaus flattens tawm qhov chaw nyob ib ncig ntawm lub metabolic Scope ntawm 2.5. Yog tias koj xav txhawb nqa ib qho kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua, qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no qhia, koj yuav tsum ua kom koj tsis txhob hlawv ntau tshaj li ob-thiab-ib nrab npaug ntau calories ntau dua li koj qhov basal metabolic tus nqi. Qhov ntawd yog qhov kawg txwv ntawm kev ua siab ntev.

Thaum koj saib daim duab ntawd, tau kawg, koj tuaj yeem pom tias qhov kev txwv no yog raws li cov ntaub ntawv tsis tshua zoo nkauj. Qhov thib ob dot ntawm sab xis, ntawm 140 hnub, yog Kev Sib Tw Hla Tebchaws Asmeskas cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov taw qhia rau sab laug ntawm qhov ntawd, ntawm qhov ntsuas metabolic ntawm 2.4, yog qhov ntsuas ntawm yim tus neeg ua liaj ua teb Gambian dhau 120-hnub lub sijhawm sau qoob loo-zoo siab, tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg, tab sis tsis tas li qhov kuv xav tau yog qhov kawg txwv ntawm kev ua siab ntev.. Txoj cai tshaj plaws, ntawm 280 hnub, yog kev tshawb fawb ntawm 19 tus poj niam thaum cev xeeb tub.

Hauv lwm lo lus, peb tuaj yeem quibble txog qhov twg qhov txwv yog. Tej zaum nws yog 2.6 ntau dua li 2.5; tej zaum nws yog 3.0. Tab sis tawm ntawm tus lej tseeb, nws pom tseeb tias qhov nkhaus flattens tawm thaum koj ncab mus ntev thiab ntev dua. Koj tsis tas yuav txhawb nqa cov txheej txheem metabolic ntawm 15-i.e. ntiaj teb-cov ntaub ntawv marathon pace-rau ib xyoos ib zaug. Thiab nws kuj tseem pom tseeb tias cov kev txwv thaum koj tham txog lub lis piam lossis hli txawv ntawm cov kev txwv oxygen uas txwv txoj kev luv luv thiab kev sib tw. Yog li dab tsi ua rau cov kev txwv ntev dua?

Qhov no yog qhov uas daim ntawv tau nthuav. Lawv hais tias peb muaj "kev txwv tsis pub noj zaub mov noj" - uas yog, uas peb tsuas tuaj yeem zom tsis tau calories sai txaus los txhawb nqa cov nqi hluav taws xob mus sij hawm ntev. Qhov ntawd yog qhov txwv ntawm 2.5 npaug ntawm koj qhov metabolic tus nqi los ntawm: koj tsis tuaj yeem zom ntau tshaj qhov ntawd. Tau kawg, zoo li Antarctic trekkers, koj tuaj yeem hlawv ntau tshaj qhov ntawd-tab sis koj tsuas yog poob phaus, vim qee qhov calories yuav los ntawm cov rog (thiab tej zaum cov leeg) koj lub cev tau khaws cia, es tsis yog cov zaub mov koj noj ntawd. hnub. Stroud thiab Fiennes, piv txwv li, poob 48 thiab 54 phaus raws li lawv txoj kev taug kev, khiav ib hnub caloric tsis txaus uas lawv pom tseeb tsis tuaj yeem txhawb nqa ntev dua.

Txhawm rau ua qhov kev sib cav no, Pontzer thiab Speakman tsis yog tsuas yog ua rau cov xwm txheej nyuaj siab. Lawv kuj saib ntawm qhov kawg ntawm qhov spectrum, saib cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm yim qhov kev tshawb fawb "overfeeding", uas cov ntsiab lus raug yuam kom thawb cov kev txwv ntawm gluttony. Qhov lawv pom yog qhov ntawm no, ib yam nkaus, kev noj haus zoo li sab saum toj ntawm 2.5 npaug ntawm cov metabolic basal. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov metabolic tus nqi yog (kwv yees li 1,600 calories ib hnub twg, yog li ntawd qhia tias feem ntau cov neeg tsis tuaj yeem txo qis dua li 4,000 calories ib hnub twg. Thiab qhov tseeb, thaum lawv npaj tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ua ke-overfeeding, cev xeeb tub, feats ntawm endurance-tus nqi ntawm qhov hnyav nce los yog poob zoo li qhia tias calorie ntau ntau nyob ib ncig ntawm qhov ntawd.

Yog li yuav ua li cas peb thiaj sib haum xeeb tag nrho cov no nrog cov naas ej Michael Phelpsian dab neeg ntawm kis las gluttony? kuv tsis paub meej. Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias, thaum Kev Sib Tw Thoob Ntiaj Teb Tebchaws Asmeskas siv sijhawm 140 hnub, Pete Kostelnick tau them qhov kev ncua deb tsuas yog 42 hnub hauv 2016-thaum noj kwv yees li 9,000 txog 14,000 calories ib hnub twg. Puas yog nws tsuas yog phem ntawm kev kwv yees calories? Puas yog nws pooping tawm ib qho loj ntawm cov khoom noj uas tsis tau noj? Nws puas yog genetic freak? Los yog nws tsuas yog hais tias ib tug txiv leej tub uas hla lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv 42 hnub muab ib tug zoo dua qhov taw qhia ntawm qhov tseeb txwv ntawm tib neeg endurance tshaj cov neeg uas ua ib yam dab tsi nyob rau hauv 140 hnub?

Muaj qee cov lus qhia uas cov neeg ncaws pob zoo tshaj plaws tuaj yeem thawb qhov nkhaus mus rau qib siab dua. Raws li Pontzer thiab Speakman sau tseg hauv lawv daim ntawv, muaj cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm Tour de France cov neeg caij tsheb kauj vab thiab cov neeg caij ski hla teb chaws uas lawv txhawb nqa kev siv zog ntawm 3.5 mus rau 5 npaug ntawm lawv cov basal metabolic tus nqi ntev li peb lub lis piam yam tsis poob qhov hnyav. Qhov ntawd txhais tau hais tias lawv yuav tsum tau ua tiav zom zaub mov ntau. Qhov ntawd tuaj yeem cuam tshuam txog lawv cov tswv yim noj zaub mov-tej zaum cov dej haus kis las tau yooj yim zom tau yooj yim uas koj tuaj yeem tau txais calorie ntau ntau hauv-lossis tsuas yog txhais tau tias lawv yog cov outliers uas muaj peev xwm noj tau zoo.

Thaum kawg, dab tsi nthuav txog daim ntawv no tsis yog tus lej tshwj xeeb uas lawv tuaj nrog rau qhov kev txwv ntawm kev ua siab ntev. Hloov chaw, nws yog lub tswvyim ntawm "kev noj haus" txwv. Thaum kuv hais rau Colin O'Brady ua ntej nws hla Antarctic lub caij nplooj zeeg dhau los, ib qho ntawm nws qhov kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb yog coj li 8,000 calories ntawm zaub mov ib hnub, ntau dua li qhov 5,000-calorie ration feem ntau cov neeg tshawb nrhiav yav dhau los tau siv. Thaum lub sijhawm, kuv xav tias yog qhov kev twv txiaj logistical: nws puas tuaj yeem nqa lub nra ntxiv? Thiab nws puas kam zom thiab nqos tag nrho cov zaub mov ntawd? Tab sis tej zaum muaj ntau qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb uas cov neeg tshawb nrhiav feem ntau tau tshaj tawm ntawm cov calories tsawg-tej zaum, txawm tias koj yuav noj li cas, koj tsuas tuaj yeem ua tsis tau ntau calories. Kuv yuav tsum tau ua raws li O'Brady kom pom tias nws txoj kev npaj noj mov tau ua li cas.

Muaj ib lo lus nug zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv ib tsab xov xwm tsis ntev los no kuv tau sau txog ketone haus dej haus raws li lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv kev tawm dag zog. Ib qho ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm pawg ketone thiab pab pawg placebo yog cov neeg haus dej ketone, tsis muaj kev tshoov siab, xaiv noj li 700 calorie ntau ntau ib hnub. Lub zog ntxiv ntawd yuav yog vim li cas pawg ketone zoo li muaj peev xwm tswj tau qhov kev cob qhia ntau dua, uas ua rau cov lus nug vim li cas cov neeg hauv lwm pab pawg tsis tsuas xaiv noj ntau dua.

Rau kuv, qhov ntawd yog cov lus nug tob hauv qab ntawm Pontzer thiab Speakman txoj kev tshawb fawb tshiab. Puas yog qhov kev txwv ntawm 2.5 npaug ntawm tus nqi metabolic (ntxiv lossis rho tawm qhov kev hloov pauv ib txwm nyob rau hauv cov kabmob lom neeg) sawv cev rau qhov kev txwv nyuaj? Puas yog nws, raws li lawv xav, muaj qee yam ua rau qhov loj thiab cov duab ntawm lub plab zom mov, lossis cov caj ces cuam tshuam rau daim siab ua haujlwm? Los yog qhov kev txwv yog ib qho softer, ntau ntawm cov lus qhia los ntawm peb lub hlwb thiab peb nyiam-ib qho uas, hais tias, Gambian cov tswv teb instinctively xaiv ua raws li lub caij sau qoob loo, tab sis qhov Tour de France caij xaiv tsis quav ntsej yam tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim tshwm sim? Tsuas muaj ib txoj hauv kev kom paub: cia peb cia siab rau cov neeg vwm uas ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab dhau los pib sau cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv ntawm lawv tus kheej.

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